Critical review and functional safety of a battery management system for large-scale lithium-ion battery pack technologies

Abstract The battery management system (BMS) is the main safeguard of a for electric propulsion and machine electrification. It tasked to ensure reliable safe operation cells connected provide high currents at voltage levels. In addition effectively monitoring all electrical parameters pack system, such as voltage, current, temperature, BMS also used improve performance with proper safety measures within system. With growing acceptance lithium-ion batteries, major industry sectors automotive, renewable energy, manufacturing, construction, even some in mining have brought forward mass transition from fossil fuel dependency powered machinery redefined world energy storage. Hence, functional considerations, which are those relating automatic protection, technologies particularly important that overall regardless whether it transportation or stationary storage, accordance standards safety, reliability, quality. If product fails meet other requirements on account faulty design sequence failure events, then environment, people, property could be endangered. This paper analyzed details large-scale storage systems, areas concerned hazardous environment. analysis covers aspect applies relevant industrial standards. A comprehensive evaluation components, architecture, risk reduction techniques, mode applicable was presented. article further provided recommendations optimization relation integration.